You must be eagerly waiting for this year’s Onam 2025, right? Onam, Kerala’s most celebrated harvest festival, known as the “festival of flowers and feasts”, is always a matter of cultural pride rather than just a festival for Malayalees. The ten-day festival turns into a remarkable one every year in Kerala with its colours, music, food, and dance. Even the Malayali communities across the world celebrate Onam with the same warmth.
They come together to cook the Onam Sadya, design Athapookalam, and share memories of home. The festival connects generations to Kerala’s heritage and traditions that have stood the test of time. This Onam, why don’t we make a meaningful addition to the celebrations? With Maveli, the Spirit of Onam, a handcrafted keepsake that honours King Mahabali, symbolising King Mahabali’s return and Kerala’s timeless story of prosperity and unity.
King Mahabali, or Maveli, is the soul of the Onam festival. The King Mahabali story is by heart of every Keralite, and the story goes like this: King Mahabali is remembered as one of Kerala’s most just and beloved rulers. And his reign was the golden era of Kerala, where people lived in peace, equality, and prosperity.
Despite being a demon king, he was adored by his people so much that the gods themselves grew envious of his growing influence. To maintain the balance, the gods asked Lord Vishnu to appear as Vamana, a small Brahmin boy, in front of Mahabali, who was doing yagna for Lord Vishnu’s grace, afraid of losing their power.
Upon seeing the poor Brahmin boy, he asked what he desired, and he responded with land which could be covered in three steps. The generous king granted his wish. But then Vamana grew into cosmic size, and in two steps, he covered heaven and earth, leaving no land for the third step. Realising he was no ordinary boy and Lord Vishnu himself, the King bowed before Vamana, offering his head for the next step.
Satisfied with the king's devotion, Lord Vishnu blessed Mahabali and sent him to Pathala, the netherworld, granting permission to visit his people once every year. Malayalis celebrate this visit as Onam, a joyful homecoming of their king. Maveli, the spirit of Onam, embodies this Onam legend and reminds us of Mahabali’s promise to return and his everlasting bond with his people.
The ten days of Onam, from Atham to Thiruvonam, each day has its own charm, marked by pookalam, feasts, and rituals, which reflect Kerala’s rich culture and festive spirit. Here are the ten days you should know about:
The festival begins with the first floral Pookalam. Yellow flowers form the base design.
More flowers are added to the Pookalam. Houses are cleaned for the celebrations.
Shopping for new clothes, household items, and festival supplies begins.
Markets bustle with activity as households stock up on provisions for Onam.
The famous snake boat races (Vallamkali) are held, symbolizing teamwork and energy.
Families visit relatives, and feasts are enjoyed on banana leaves.
Pulikali (tiger dance) fills the streets with music, drums, and painted performers.
Idols of clay are placed in the Pookalam, honoring traditions of growth and devotion.
Known as the first Onam, homes are filled with food preparations and last-minute shopping.
The grand day of Onam with Sadhya feast, cultural programs, and honoring King Mahabali.
The charm of Onam is all about its rituals and vibrant traditions that bring everyone together. And each of the rituals has deep meaning. Here are some of them:
Athapookalam, or the floral carpets that adorn the home entrances, are a typical scene on Onam days. Starting from Attham, every day to Thiruvonam day, families use flowers like thumba, tusli, jamanthi, and chemarathy for pookalam designs. It is considered auspicious and made to welcome King Mahabali. In many places, friendly competitions are conducted that embody creativity and unity.
Another iconic element of Onam celebrations is Sadya, a lavish vegetarian meal that stretches across banana leaves, with over 20 dishes. From tangy sambar and creamy olan to crunchy chips and sweet payasam, each item holds significance. More than just food, Sadya symbolises abundance, gratitude, and happiness. Here are the dishes and their symbolism:
| Onam Dishes | Symbolism | Key Ingredients |
|---|---|---|
| Avial | Unity in diversity (many vegetables blended) | Mixed vegetables, coconut, yogurt |
| Sambar | Nourishment & prosperity | Lentils, tamarind, and vegetables |
| Olan | Purity & simplicity | Ash gourd, cowpeas, coconut milk |
| Kalan | Strength & balance | Raw banana, yam, yogurt, coconut |
| Erissery | Prosperity & fulfillment | Pumpkin, cowpeas, coconut |
| Thoran | Everyday joy & abundance | Cabbage/beans, coconut, spices |
| Pachadi | Sweet-sour balance of life | Pineapple/cucumber, yogurt, coconut |
| Kootu Curry | Unity through flavors | Yam, black chana, coconut |
| Inji Curry | Spice of life (sharp, tangy kick) | Tamarind, ginger, jaggery |
| Payasam | Sweetness & joy of celebration | Rice, jaggery, milk/coconut milk |
Whole villages come together for the exhilarating Vallam Kali boat races through Kerala's backwaters. In time with drumbeats, teams row, signifying energy and teamwork.
Cultural art forms give the celebrations a unique flavour. While the elegant Kaikottikali (clap dance) performed by women highlights Kerala's rich tradition, the Pulikali (tiger dance) lights up the streets with colour and laughter.
Together, these customs represent the unity, joy, and shared prosperity that define Onam culture.
Modern-day Onam celebrations are now blended with our modern life, even though they're still rooted in Kerala's culture. It is always grand as ever with the streets, malls, and government offices adorned with decorations and cultural programmes being broadcast on television and digital platforms. Many households are now blending the old customs with the conveniences of today, like ordering Sadya meals online, using eco-friendly floral substitutes for pookalams, and sharing greetings through social media.
Schools and offices also celebrate the festival, creating a shared sense of cultural pride. As the Malayali diaspora grows, Onam has expanded beyond Kerala’s borders. Malayali communities outside of Kerala celebrate the Onam festival in their own way, holding pookalam competitions, cultural dances, and Sadya feasts in community halls to bring the spirit of home with them.
The gifting culture has also evolved, with people choosing meaningful items that combine tradition with modern appeal, such as the curated Onam hampers, e-gifts, and cultural collectibles. That’s why Maveli, the Spirit of Onam by MemoryTrain, makes the perfect choice, an Onam keepsake you will love to display at home or share as a thoughtful gift with family and friends.
The whole essence of Onam lies in our beloved King Mahabali, right? That’s why we, MemoryTrain, chose to honour this legend with our handcrafted Maveli figurine, an Onam keepsake representing Mahabali’s presence during the festival. More than a decor item, it is a meaningful way to capture that presence. It is a symbol of tradition, a cultural collectible, and a meaningful Onam gift idea that can help you keep the Onam spirit alive each year, keeping the story of Mahabali alive for future generations.
Maveli, the Spirit of Onam, can make your moments more special, and it stands as a meaningful and thoughtful Onam decor or Onam gift. This item can be a centrepiece for your pookalam, an eye-catching part of your Sadya table, or a thoughtful Onam gift for family and friends. It also helps to keep the legend alive for children and future generations, making learning fun for them. And Maveli, the Spirit of Onam, is a cultural collectible with deep emotional and cultural significance that works well for Onam decorations or as a keepsake, helping to keep the spirit of Onam alive each year and beyond the ten-day tradition.
This year, 2025, let’s prepare for Onam and celebrate our Onam memories, togetherness, and eternal bond with Kerala culture and traditions, and King Mahabali by keeping its essence alive year-round with our Maveli, the Spirit of Onam product. While Onam traditions remain timeless, let the occasion be not just a celebration but a reminder of unity, joy, and cultural pride.
Onam 2025 date falls between August and September, following the Malayalam month of Chingam. The main day, Thiruvonam, will be celebrated on September 5, 2025, with festivities lasting ten days.
We celebrate Onam to honour King Mahabali, a legendary ruler known for his fair and prosperous reign. According to legend, Mahabali visits his people once a year. Onam marks his homecoming. It is also Kerala’s harvest festival, celebrating abundance and gratitude.
The Onam meaning comes from the story of Mahabali, who was beloved for his golden rule. Lord Vishnu, in his Vamana avatar, sent Mahabali to the netherworld but granted him the boon of returning once every year. Onam symbolises this reunion between the king and his people.
The Onam Sadya is a lavish vegetarian meal that typically consists of over 20 dishes and is served on banana leaves. The symbolic meaning of each dish is joy, unity, and prosperity. Beyond the food, it represents abundance and a spirit of sharing.
Malayalis living abroad celebrate Onam by organising community festivals featuring Sadya, cultural dances, and pookalam competitions. Families also connect online, exchange digital greetings, and organise gatherings at schools and offices, all of which contribute to the global spread of the Onam festival.
The Golu display is one of the most anticipated customs followed by many South Indian families during the nine days of the Navaratri festival. It is a beautiful arrangement of dolls and figurines on the steps, blending spirituality, tradition, creativity, and a sense of community. The dolls arranged on the steps are a representation of various characters from mythological epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the stories of local deities.
So, it is a storytelling tradition, not just a display of figures. Golu is therefore a dynamic way of passing down cultural stories to younger generations that brings families together in joyous celebration. In this blog, we’ll explore how to set up a Golu display for Navaratri 2025 along with its significance and how to blend traditional elements with modern creative ideas.
The Golu tradition is deeply rooted in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. And this tradition is part of the Navarathri festival celebrated to honour Goddess Durga. It has great spiritual significance, symbolising the victory of good over evil, celebrating the triumph of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura.
The Golu display is typically set up in odd-numbered steps (such as 3, 5, or 7). The figures on a higher step are more divine. The arrangement represents the ascent of devotees to a higher level of spirituality. It is also a reminder to the people about the values of virtue and righteousness. During the nine days of Navaratri, families honour Goddess Durga while also inviting blessings for prosperity, health, and happiness.
Setting up a traditional Golu is more like a meaningful and enjoyable family activity, and, at times, Golu theme ideas for competition are conducted among families to encourage families to make the best Golu setups. Here are steps to set up a traditional Golu for Navarathri 2025 to add meaning and beauty to your celebrations.
As mentioned earlier, traditional Golu decoration is done on odd-numbered steps, i.e., 3, 5, or 7. The dolls and figures are arranged in a way that the most divine figures are set up on the highest steps to symbolise a spiritual balance. Most devotees commonly choose seven steps to represent the seven divine forms of the goddess.
The Golu steps should be set up facing east or north on the first day of Navarathri, which usually falls on the Mahalaya Amavasya (the new moon day) or Padyami (the first day of Navaratri). Although the most traditional and common material used for Golu steps is wood, other materials, such as cardboard, plywood, metal, or plastic, can also be used, depending on the design and budget.
The traditional Golu display features a variety of figurines organised by theme, including:
You may arrange the dolls or figurines according to the specific theme you have in mind. If you have any kids at home, ask them to place the first doll on the first step. This is a small tradition that symbolises the Golu will grow every year, just like the child grows.
Lighting and the backdrop used in the Golu setup can add a divine touch. Also, use proper lighting, such as oil lamps or string lights, to illuminate the display. Also, use vibrant coloured fabrics like red, gold, or yellow, which will enhance the atmosphere as a whole. Traditional cloths draped on the steps can also make the display a visual feast.
Nowadays, Golu displays for Navaratri 2025 are becoming increasingly modern and creative, featuring unique themes that add more depth and modernity to the festival. Here are some of them to inspire your Golu display this year:
You can give your Golu display more cultural depth by incorporating themes from Kerala's rich traditions, such as Kathakali and Theyyam, which highlight the art forms of storytelling through dance and drama.
Decorating Navarathri Golu dolls is not just about the visual appeal; it is also about the traditional rituals and the community bonding that happens during the festival. Now, let’s talk about how people are involved in the festival and tradition.
The morning rituals during the Navarathri days begin with poojas and slokas dedicated to the goddess or other deities represented in the Golu. The devotees light diyas, offer flowers and neivedyam (sacred food), and honour the divine in the Golu display. Devotional slokas and hymns are chanted to seek the goddess’s grace and blessings for prosperity and knowledge.
On the 9th day of Navarathri, Navami, Saraswati Puja is performed. It is the day when the books, musical instruments, and tools are placed near the Golu to receive blessings during Ayudha Puja. The rituals culminate with Vijayadashami, a symbol of victory and new beginnings.
Golu visits, or Kolu Darshan, are a big part of the festival and a common custom. Families often visit each other's houses to view the Golu setup and exchange gifts, fostering community spirit in a Thamboolam. It is accompanied by offerings of kumkum, turmeric, sweets, or betel leaves as a token of respect and blessing. Golu tours are frequently arranged in many neighbourhoods, taking groups of people to several houses to view the range of displays.
As Navaratri 2025 approaches, it's time to view the Golu tradition in a new light. Golu is still an important cultural celebration, whether you prefer new and creative ideas or traditional themes. Involve your family in preparing for and participating in the rituals to create lasting memories while celebrating the triumph of good over evil. To enhance your Golu display, look for authentic and well-made Kathakali and Theyyam dolls from MemoryTrain.
Bharathanatyam, the classical South Indian dance form with its roots in Tamil Nadu, holds a special place in Kerala’s cultural heart. It is deeply respected, widely practised, and lovingly preserved. It is a dance form that combines Bhava (emotion), Raga (melody), Tala (rhythm), and Natyam (dance), and therefore Bha‑ra‑ta‑natyam. It emphasises storytelling through movement, expression, and rhythm.
From temple festivals and school functions to living room decor, this graceful art form is embraced by Malayali families. In this blog, we will explore the history, costumes, jewellery, and performance of Bharatanatyam, as well as its influence on Kerala’s tradition-loving, art-conscious community.
Bharatanatyam was first known as Sadiraattam and originated as a dance form performed by devadasis to honour the deities. Natya Shastra, a Sanskrit text on the performing arts, is the foundation of this dance form, written by Sage Bharata between 200 BCE and 200 CE. The dance form then flourished during the Chola and Pallava dynasties, and the temples at that time featured sculptures that showed beautiful Bharatanatyam poses and mudras.
Bharatanatyam faced a decline during colonial rule due to the anti-nautch movement. In the 1930s, Rukmini Devi and E. Krishna Iyer revived it, rebranding Sadir as Bharatanatyam with modern costumes and colours while maintaining its traditional roots. Now, online classes allow people worldwide, including in Kerala, to learn Bharatanatyam in Malayalam.
Bharatanatyam follows the Margam, a seven-part structure symbolising a dancer's spiritual journey. It begins with Alarippu and Jathiswaram (pure dance), moves into expressive storytelling with Shabdam, peaks at Varnam, then flows into emotional Padams, lively Tillana, and ends with Mangalam. Each stage reflects rhythm, expression, devotion, and enlightenment through classical dance.
Bharatanatyam, one of India’s oldest classical dance forms, has a rich heritage that has been preserved and advanced by several famous Bharatanatyam dancers, like:
Add the beauty of classical dance to your home with our Bharatanatyam-inspired sculpture. This art piece showcases the grace, tradition, and skill of Bharatanatyam, featuring intricate details in the dancer’s posture, costume, and jewellery. It’s a great way to add cultural charm to your space. Whether you are a dance enthusiast or someone who appreciates Indian heritage, this sculpture is a meaningful art piece for your home decor or as a thoughtful gift for a loved one.
The Bharatanatyam dance form emphasises devotion, storytelling, and rhythm. It has deep roots in temple traditions. The dance has three main parts:
In Bharatanatyam, every gesture, expression, and movement tells a story, and the ideas and methods described here are essential. The costume is a crucial component of the entire performance since the dancer's appearance is just as significant as the dance's deep cultural and artistic roots.
After the costume, jewellery and ornaments are essential in completing the Bharatanatyam dancer’s traditional appearance. They add beauty and meaning, helping to highlight expressions during the performance.
Bharatanatyam is performed under bright stage lighting, and therefore the artist’s makeup should enhance their facial expressions and features. Bold makeup with defined eyebrows and bright lipstick are done so that the dancer’s expressions are visible from long distances. Eye makeup is specially done using thick eyeliner and kajal that extends outward to emphasise eye movements, which are key to abhinaya. The look is complete with a central bindi and a traditional hairstyle, often decorated with flowers, to keep the classical style on stage.
A traditional Bharatanatyam performance is divided into six main parts, blending rhythm, expression, and storytelling.
Together, these segments reflect the spiritual, aesthetic, and technical depth of Bharatanatyam.
Bharatanatyam reflects the country’s rich culture, devotion, and storytelling traditions. Each movement, expression, and rhythm holds meaning and stems from a rich history. Although it has deep roots, Bharatanatyam is evolving with new styles in costumes, music, and stage presentations. These changes keep the dance relevant for younger generations. As dancers learn and perform, they help preserve and celebrate this beautiful art form for the future.
Onam, the time of the year when the whole Kerala shifts to a festive mood with colourful pookalams, delicious sadhya with payasam, and of course, every kitchen fills with the irresistible smell of frying snacks. If you are Malayali, you would know what I am talking about, the familiar with the smell, sound, and feeling of banana chips being deep-fried in fresh coconut oil, especially at the time of Onam.
Who wouldn't have stayed, eyes wide open with a watery mouth, in the kitchen where hot and crispy golden-coloured banana chips are scooped out of the frying pan? I have. Sneaked into the plate before they cooled and burnt my hands too!
The banana chips, which you may call "kaya varuthathu" or "upperi", have long been Kerala’s culinary identity. It is not just a snack for many, but more like walking down a memory lane that evokes the memories of childhood, family gatherings, and festive seasons like Onam. That’s why MemoryTrain Creatives thought of preserving a piece of these memories in an extraordinary art piece: the Naadan Banana Chips Resin Sculpture.
Banana chips have different names depending on where you are! Here in Kerala, we refer to them as Kaya Varuthathu, Pachakka Varuthathu, or Kaya Upperi. It's interesting how the names and ways of making them can change from place to place. During Onam sadhya, these chips are traditionally essential and are usually placed in the left corner of the plantain leaf, or vazhayila, as a custom. Kerala's traditions, especially Onam, are all about an amazing and extravagant combination of food, language, and culture.
Have you ever tried making authentic Kerala banana chips? The smell of frying delicious banana chips can bring back all those great memories you want to relive again. Here’s how to make the chips, hitting that perfect combo of flavor and crunch.
The commonly used bananas include:
Nendran is the best choice for these chips since it has just the right amount of starch, a great texture, and is the perfect size for frying. It’s what you want for those authentic Kerala-style chips.
Onam and banana chips are a perfect pairing during the Onam season. It's a whole thing in every Malayali household where the pre-Onam chip-making hustle is a must. And for those who aren't making chips at home, you can bet the snack shops are working around the clock to keep up!
It is a must-serve item in the traditional Kerala meal, and a tradition passed down through generations. Even after Onam, these chips are a go-to for tea time, kept in air-tight jars and shared with guests. They’re more than just a snack; they’re a crunchy piece of Kerala’s warmth and tradition.
How about turning this tradition into an artistic keepsake in your living room? The Naadan Chips Sculpture (“Banana Chips Shop”) from MemoryTrain is not just a piece of home decor; it is a small representation of Kerala’s street snack culture, crafted from resin and marble dust, depicting a chip seller frying kaya upperi with bananas hanging above. It’s all in stunning golden detail.
It makes a great, thoughtful gift for Onam that can bring back all those warm Onam memories and preserve a moment for you. Whether you want to gift someone or just show off at home, the sculpture really stands out with a touch of nostalgia and warmth to the space where you keep it. There are many other products from MemoryTrain you may add to your collection, including our handcrafted Kerala figurines set featuring a Chenda artist, Thiruvathira dancer, and Pulikali performer.
For every Malayali pravaasi, banana chips are a taste and memory they crave. It is a reminder of the holidays they spent back home, the warmth, and the belonging. Whether it's packed in a suitcase or purchased from an Indian store abroad, it's an instant comfort, much like opening a window to Kerala. It carries stories, not just the flavour and aroma.
Onam season goes even harder on pravaasis when the cravings grow even stronger for the sadhyas, games, and family gatherings. That’s why our Naadan Chips Sculpture exists: to give you a piece of home that doesn’t expire, even when you’re thousands of miles away. It helps preserve that connection visually, a small slice of Kerala proudly displayed in homes around the world.
At MemoryTrain, we believe little things can hold big memories. A banana chip might just seem like a snack, but for many, it brings back memories of mom’s kitchen and Onam mornings. That’s why we created the Naadan Chips Sculpture, more than just decor, it’s a piece of Kerala you can display.
Perfect for anyone missing home or wanting their decor to tell a story, we turn memories into art. Whether it’s a Kathakali face, a temple bell, or a banana chips sculpture, each piece celebrates our roots and everyday life in Kerala. Memories deserve more than nostalgia; they should have a form to appreciate.
What is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear Kathakali? The bright colours, makeup, and elaborate costumes, right? However, that is only the beginning. There is a lot more to Kerala state’s iconic dance-drama of all time, Kathakali. It has a centuries-long legacy of captivating storytelling. Keralites see the art form as the state’s pride as well as the symbol of their cultural heritage, even referring to it as the Suvarna Kala, which means “golden art”.
Kathakali, which translates to "the art of storytelling through movement". It is a combination of the Malayalam words Katha, which means story, and Kali, which means play or performance. Every movement in Kathakali Kerala dance with hands, i.e., mudras, eyes, and facial expressions, carries deep meaning. And the music and costumes also differ according to the characters performed.
The combination of dance, drama, music, expression, and elaborate costumes creates a visually stunning experience that you will remember for a long time. So, as a Keralite, you should know about Kathakali, an integral part of our culture, in detail right from the history, characters, makeup, costumes and more.
The centuries-long history of Kathakali continues to inspire generations to this day. The art form changed over time, from being played in temples, royal courts, and village squares to becoming an internationally recognised classical art form. There are many royal kings and masters who contributed greatly to the development of Kathakali. The story of the birth of Kathakali goes like this:
So, this is the history of Kathakali. It is a deeply spiritual, aesthetically striking, and emotionally stirring representation of Kerala's cultural identity today.
Kathakali is a stunning art form that brings life to our epic stories and characters of ancient epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The way it tells stories is not through words. On the other hand, the whole body conveys the story beautifully through powerful facial expressions, graceful hand gestures (mudras), and soul-stirring music. It is an experience you should have because it stays with you forever, even after the curtains close.
MemoryTrain captures the pure magic you witness on stage in our handcrafted resin Kathakali sculptures. You can bring the characters you see to your living space, which will be a daily reminder of your experience and a piece that celebrates India’s vibrant cultural legacy. One should know what every colour, makeup, and character means to truly understand the depth of the stories. So let's have a closer look.
You know that Kathakali is a greatly visually appealing dance form with colourful and eye-catching costumes, makeup, and various characters. It is enough to keep people looking at it, even if they do not understand. Every colour, pattern, and type of clothes is unique and has different meanings to different characters. It will be interesting to get to know about it. So let’s explore them.
When talking about costumes, they are very unique compared to other prevalent Indian classical dance forms. The performers wear a costume that includes the following:
Because every costume is intricate, the performers can be seen by the audience even from a distance, adding to the visual appeal and enhancing the theatrical effect, signifying the character as heroic, divine, demonic, or spiritual. Makeup and costume are extremely important for the performance. So now we are about to discuss the details about Kathakali makeup.
The makeup in Kathakali is called Chutti (ചുട്ടി). It is symbolic and artistic at the same time. It’s not just the makeup or decoration done; the colours and patterns categorise the different characters:
This colourful and loud makeup with exaggerated eyes, lips, and brows plays a major role in the dramatic storytelling. It enhances the performer’s facial expressions in a way that the complex emotions are conveyed to the audience easily without any words.
The major characters in Kathakali include the following:
| Character Type | Appearance | Represents |
|---|---|---|
| Pacha - പച്ച (Green) | Green face, red lips, ornate crown | Nobility, virtue, divine heroes |
| Kathi - കത്തി (Knife) | Red-streaked green base with white nose knobs | Arrogance, evil, anti-heroes |
| Chuvanna Thadi – ചുവന്ന താടി (Red Beard) | Red beard, fierce makeup | Demons, villains |
| Vella Thadi – വെള്ള താടി (White Beard) | White beard, bright facial features | Divine beings, strength |
| Karutha Thadi - കറുത്ത താടി (Black Beard) | Black beard, dark face paint | Forest dwellers, hunters |
| Kari - കരി | Black face with red and white highlights | Wicked or demonic female characters |
| Minukku - മിനുക്കു | Soft orange/yellow hues, simple features | Women, sages, gentle roles |
| Sthree Vesham - സ്ത്രീവേഷം | Performed by men in female makeup and costume | All female roles |
Kathakali is an art form of movements and gestures with distinct meanings for each of them. The dancers take years to master the technique of speaking through gestures (mudras), facial expressions, and making their bodies surrender to the graceful movements they have to present. Based on the Hastha Lakshana Deepika, there are 24 fundamental Kathakali mudras (hand gestures) that can be used in different ways to express meanings:
| Pataka (പതാക) – Flag | Ardhapataka (അർദ്ധപതാക) – Half flag | Shikhara (ശിഖരം) – Peak |
| Tripataka (ത്രിപതാക) – Three parts of a flag | Kartarimukha (കര്ത്തരീമുഖം) – Scissors face | Kapitha (കപിത്ഥകം) – Elephant apple |
| Mayura (മയൂരം) – Peacock | Ardhachandra (അർധചന്ദ്രം) – Half moon | Katakamukha (കടകാമുഖം) – Bracelet opening |
| Araala (അരാളം) – Slightly bent | Shukatunda (ശുകതുണ്ഡ) – Parrot’s beak | Suchi (സൂചി) – Needle |
| Mushti (മുഷ്ടി) – Fist | Chandrakala (ചന്ദ്രകല) – Digit of the moon | Padmakosha (പദ്മകോശം) – Lotus bud |
| Sarpasirsha (സർപ്പശിരസ്സ്) – Snake’s head | Mrigashirsha (മൃഗശീർഷം) – Deer’s head | Simhamukha (സിംഹമുഖം) – Lion’s face |
| Langula (ലാംഗുല) – Tail | Solaapadma (സോളപദ്മ) – Bloomed lotus | Chatura (ചതുര) – Square |
| Bhramara (ഭ്രമരം) – Bee | Hamsasya (ഹംസാസ്യം) – Swan’s beak | Hamsapaksha (ഹംസപക്ഷം) – Swan’s wing |
These mudras are the foundational vocabulary used in Kathakali's expressive storytelling. Also, Kathakali depicts nine fundamental emotions, including:
It is impressive that the performers, once mastered, can express a world of emotions without any words. Their movements will be perfectly timed and synced with the traditional instruments used, which increases the intensity of the story they present to the audience. The primary instruments of Kathakali music will be discussed now.
In Kathakali, the music and instruments are what make the performance better. The musical style is called Sopana Sangeetham. The style of music is slow and devotional and is performed alongside the dancer performing on stage. The Chenda, Maddalam, Edakka, Chengila, and Ilathalam are the primary instruments that are frequently used. These instruments serve as more than just background music for performances. It interacts with the dancer, highlighting every emotion and the body movements precisely.
The Kathakali artists often begin their training, both physical and spiritual, at a very young age. The years of disciplined practice make them master the complex movements, facial expressions, and eye movements. They need body flexibility, strength, and coordination for the stylised performance. For this reason, Kalaripayattu training is a common component of the physical conditioning of Kathakali performers.
In addition to physical exercises, students participate in vocal training, yoga, and rhythmic footwork. This comprehensive approach develops not only a performer but also a storyteller who has precise control over every gesture.
Renowned Kathakali Institutes:
Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair, Kottakkal Sivaraman, and Kalamandalam Gopi are some of our legendary Kathakali performers. They had been and are an integral part of the development of Kathakali and the preservation of our cultural legacy, inspiring aspiring artists and captivating audiences with their skill.
Even though it has always been a male-dominated dance form, there are women Kathakali dancers who broke the stereotype to become famous artists. Kanak Rele, Chavara Parukutty, Haripriya Namboodiri, and Sunanda Nair are some of them.
Here's the comparison table for Kathak vs Kathakali:
| Feature | Kathak | Kathakali |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | North India | Kerala, South India |
| Performance Style | Circular spins, rhythmic footwork | Dramatic storytelling with expressive movements |
| Music | Hindustani classical music | Sopana Sangeetham, a slow, meditative form |
| Costume | Simple, elegant attire | Elaborate, vibrant costumes with symbolic colours |
| Gesture & Expression | Subtle hand gestures and facial expressions | Rich, expressive mudras and detailed facial expressions |
| Performance Setting | Solo or group performances | Ensemble, often performed in temples or cultural festivals |
| Main Themes | Stories of love, devotion, and divine myths | Stories from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranic legends |
Watching a live Kathakali performance should be on one’s bucket list. To fully enjoy the art form, it is always better to attend them during Kerala’s festival seasons, notably Onam. It is because that’s when performances are at their most vibrant and culturally rich. As part of their yearly celebrations or other special occasions, a number of temples hold Kathakali.
For instance, as part of its yearly celebration, the Chittoor Sree Krishna Swamy Temple in Kochi hosts a six-night Kathakali week. Sreevallabha Temple and Vaikom Mahadeva Temple are two more temples where Kathakali may be performed. Also, there are some venues where you may watch the art form in action: Kerala Kathakali Centre in Kochi and Margi in Thiruvananthapuram. It also offers the opportunity for the audience to watch the makeup preparation.
Kathakali is a multifaceted art form you should never miss. So, when are you going to watch it? Whether you attend a live performance, learn about it or purchase a handcrafted piece, support the art form to ensure that this timeless tradition continues for future generations. Hope MemoryTrain helps you with that. Don’t let our culture fade away, and let it continue through the generations.
You are thinking of what to give your girlfriend on a very very special occasion. The good news is that there are plenty of options. The not-so good news is that you don't know which one to choose from. You will have plenty of choices and ideas to think of. That being said, you should keep in mind that the gesture of gifting will go a long way in making your girlfriend happy.
After all, it is one of the five love languages. That’s right. Gifting is a love language along with
The other 4 can work sometimes in affirming your love but gifting is bound to work all the time regardless of the time and place. With this in mind, this blog will present some of the awesome romantic gift ideas for your girlfriend.
While there are many ideas we can suggest to you, but to make the choices easy for you we will be suggesting seven time-tested ideas you can choose from.
Penning down your deepest feelings involves being honest with your very own vulnerability. You will be thinking, twice, thrice and a lot more about the words to pen down and even question the act, but when you do, it will be the most heartfelt gesture of all because when you chose to be vulnerable, you chose to do so with her.
The effort that you will undertake to pen down a handwritten love letter will be a testament to the effort you are putting into the relationship.
An elegant necklace just goes to show you understand her better than anyone else. It is the embodiment of style, beauty and above all love. It is more than enough to bring a smile to her face. It is also a perfect gift to be worn on any occasion and enhances the style and beauty of your girlfriend even more.
In times of anxiety and stress, plush toys are excellent items for relieving them. Which is why they make a great gift for your girlfriend. It actually shows that you are thoughtful and care for their emotional well being, hence gifting plush toys is a symbolic gesture that shows her mental well-being matters a lot.
Every woman in the world loves flowers. While fresh flowers are a great gift to begin with, they are, however, perishable items that do not last more than a week. Which is why forever roses are ideal. Preserved roses undergo special treatment which preserves their beauty for years. It is a symbol of an everlasting lover that is appropriate for all occasions.
In case you are wondering what forever roses are made of, they are a mixture of water and glycerin. The ratio of glycerin to water may vary depending on the flower type and the desired level of preservation.
Hornbills are a symbol of eternal love because they are known for their lifelong bond and reflect the deep connection they share. The hornbill couple sculpture captures this symbol of enduring partnership well, reminding you of the intimate moments you have spent together.
Made of glazed porcelain, this piece of art’s symbolism is why it makes such a good gift. It shows your girlfriend that just like the hornbill pair, the bond between you will last forever.
We all know love is blind, and this sculpture is a symbol of it.
The hand painted Love is Blind resin sculpture takes you on a nostalgic trip to 1960s India when love was simple. This sculpture serves as a poignant gift that captures the memories of a simpler if not magical time, when the spirit of love was (still is) cherished in a more humble manner. The sculpture is a heartfelt way of showing that when it comes to love, there are no boundaries and that it is eternal.
At a glance, this sculpture just seems like an ordinary piece representing a couple running a small tea shop. But what it truly is a symbol of hope and endurance in humble origins. The Tea Shop Couple represents the story of KR Vijaya and Mohana, who travelled to 26 countries in 6 continents using savings from their humble tea shop.
It is a symbol of shared dreams, perseverance and passion. Gifting this sculpture shows your girlfriend that no matter the odds, your relationship will persevere and endure without losing any of its passion for years to come.
Gifting is a love language that tells your girlfriend that you are more than willing to go the extra mile to make her feel special and loved. Above all, gifting shows that she matters the most to you without having the need for words.
So, what will it be? A pendant she will wear close to her heart - a reminder of the mutual bond you share, a sculpture that represents an enduring bond? Whatever the choice may be, it will symbolise the eternal love between the two, because at the end it is not the price but the effort and thought that counts - you love her with all your heart and it shows. So come on over and be spoiled for choice when it comes to awesome romantic gifts for your girlfriend.
What is the best gift for a girlfriend?
Now there is no best gift for a girlfriend as each girl is an individual with her own interests, ideals and hobbies. But if we have to go out on a limb, we will say that the best gift is the one which shows you have put much effort and thought into it. At the very least it shows that you care for her in more ways than one.
What is the best birthday gift for a girlfriend?
The best birthday gift for your girlfriend will be the one that represents the effort you have put in to remember her interests and of course her special day.
How far would you go for love? A thousand miles, two thousand? Try four thousand miles (About 6400 km if you are wondering). That is how far a young man from India went - literally - to be with the Swedish love of his life.
About 48 years ago, an extraordinary love story unfolded between an Indian artist and a young Swedish woman hailing from the country’s nobility. A story of perseverance, cultural understanding, and bottomless love. Pradyumna Kumar Mahanandia, a humble yet talented artist from India, and Charlotte von Schedvin, a noblewoman from Sweden went beyond distance and cultural barriers to be with each other.
Their story would forever be etched in and prove an inspiration to those willing to go the extra mile no matter the odds. This is their tale.
Pradyumna was born in 1949 in the Athmalik district of Orissa. When he was a child, Pradyumna Kumar Mahanandia was told by his mother - who had gotten his horoscope checked - that he would marry someone who owned a forest, play the flute, and be born under the Taurus sign. Of course, it is not hard to find someone with all those characteristics in his own country.
But the clincher would be that she would be from a faraway land. Skeptical at first, he would realize that this prophecy would come to fruition in the years to come.
As a young artist in Delhi, Mahanandia had made a name for himself as a skilled portrait sketcher. One day in 1975, he met Ann Charlotte von Schedvin, a Swedish traveler visiting India. She had traveled in a van from Sweden to India in 22 days, taking the infamous Hippie Trail that traversed through Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan before ending in India.
Little was she to know that the lover of her life would be taking a reverse route of the Hippie Trail.
But for the moment she requested a portrait from Mahanandia. The interaction between indThe more they talked, Mahanandia realized that Ann was the embodiment of his mother’s prediction. Love materialized between them and they spent some time together as a result. But Ann had to go back to Sweden. Although Mahanandia was crestfallen, their saga had just begun.
Even though Ann Ann had returned to Sweden, Pradyuman could not forget her and it wasn't long before he started missing her and wanted to be with her in Sweden. But there was just one problem though. He didn't have the financial means to book a flight ticket to Sweden.
The price of the ticket and his modest means of income was just as vast as the distance between India and Sweden. However he wasn't going to let a minor detail like this stop him.
Determined to reunite with Ann, Mahanandia decided to do something in that regard. Since buying a plane ticket was out of the question and connectivity between Sweden and India were limited in those days, he decided to do the next best thing - buy a cycle and go all the way to Sweden. He sold all of his belongings to buy one and finally began his journey on January 22, 1977.
His route would take him through Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, and other European countries, covering approximately 6000 km.
It wasn't easy, the journey. Mahanandia faced extreme weather, hunger, and exhaustion. Language was not a problem until he crossed Afghanistan and into Iran. The communication difficulties proved to be a challenge, to say nothing of the cultural differences in these lands. But he still went on, egged on by his determination to reunite with Ann.
But it wasn't all that bad for Mahanandia. The strangers he met along the way offered food, shelter and above all encouragement. He made good use of his art skills, sketching portraits in exchange for food or money. However, the most valuable thing he got was encouragement. Whenever he managed to communicate why he was undergoing such a perilous journey, he got words of encouragement that further strengthened his resolve.
Mahanandia arrived in Turkey after months of cycling. This allowed him to reach Europe by May 28. From there he could continue to Gothenburg, Sweden, by train. The reunion with Ann was that of tears, joy, and wanton emotion. Mahanandiya had done the impossible, he had literally ‘cycled’ against all odds and triumphed.
After a lot of difficulties, Ann's parents gave their blessings for their marriage. Both settled down in Sweden. They took on each other’s culture and in the process became symbols of love triumphing against all odds.
Their love story is that of a real-life romance. Mahanadia’s journey is a symbol of love’s endurance, along with the courage to follow one's heart.
Drawing (pardon the pun) on the legacy of Mahanadia’s art and journey, we present our product, Love is Blind. It celebrates the power of love to go above and beyond. The art perfectly captures the emotions involved.
Since we are reflecting on the tales of love and resilience, we present this beautiful product - The Tea Shop Couple - A Piggy Bank, it represents togetherness and shared dreams. Like Ann and Mahanandia’s love story, this product symbolizes the essence of companionship and the joy of building a life together.
Mahanandia’s odyssey was not about physical endurance merely. It was about overcoming societal norms, financial difficulties, and above all - self-doubt. His story proves that it is not merely grand gestures that symbolize love. But resilience, patience, and commitment. Every kilometer he took was a step in living through those words.
Pradyumna Kumar Mahanandia’s journey from India to Sweden teaches us that love is more than just words; it is an action, a commitment, and a journey worth taking. His story reminds us that when love is true, no distance is too great, and no challenge is too hard to overcome. Whether through art, journeys, or small gestures, love has the power to defy all odds.
Celebrate love this Valentine’s Day with Love is Blind—a tribute to the stories that redefine love. Let this unique artwork remind you of the lengths we go for love and the beauty that unfolds along the way.
Vadakkunnathan temple is Kerala's oldest and most significant temple, personifying much of the state's culture and history. This temple, founded in the centre of Thrissur, is mainly for the general worship of Lord Shiva himself, and it is all about giving solace when visited for the trip.
The article looks into the temple's architecture and historical relevance to culture, mythology, and influences, making it a wonderful must-see destination.
Vadakkunnathan temple history is a rich amalgamation of origin stories and religious and cultural events.
The myth dates back to when Lord Parashurama, the incarnation of Vishnu, constructed the Vadakkunnathan Temple.
As per the myth, Parashurama threw his axe into the waters and called for the land known as Kerala to rise. He constructed this temple as an offering to Lord Shiva. Some say this temple was established almost 4000 years ago, dating back to the 9th or 10th century CE.
Further, the site became sacred as the Lord enshrined himself here after his famous victory over the demon Daruka, securing its spiritual authenticity.
Apart from many other activities, Vadakkunnathan Temple has been home to various religious and cultural events over the years. It has regularly expanded and renovated many parts, each time shifting architectural styles into the sanctity and grandeur it already possesses. One such occasion is Maha Shivaratri, which annually draws thousands of devotees to the temple.
The temple is also significant during Thrissur Pooram, which features lively music and dance, with decorative work that gathers collective participation and attention to the traditions it forms part of in the state's culture.
The Vadakkunnathan temple is a paragon of Kerala's architectural prowess and demonstration. UNESCO has recognised it as a World Heritage site.
The temple is defined by three main shrines: Lord Shiva, Lord Rama, and Lord Shankara Narayana. It also has a dedicated, exclusive shrine for Goddess Parvati. The outside complexes of the temple are dotted with two smaller temples dedicated to Thiruvambadi and Paramekkavu Devi.
The temple features four imposing gopurams (gateways) facing the cardinal directions, adorned with mesmerising murals depicting scenes from the Mahabharata. The temple's traditional Kerala-style architecture includes a theatre (കൂത്തമ്പലം) embellished with intricate wooden carvings, serving as a stage for ritualistic art forms like Koothu and Nangyar Koothu (കൂത്ത്, നങ്ങ്യാർ കൂത്ത്).
Key highlights include:
Did you know you can study Vadakkunnathan's gateway architecture in great detail with this Temple Gate sculpture? This resin ornament captures the cultural and architectural wonders of the 8th-century temple in great detail.
The Sree Vadakkunnathan temple is part of Kerala's culture and history. It is a melting pot of celebrations and ritual conducts that set it ablaze in an effulgent display of colours, sounds, crafts, and dances.
The grandeur of Sree Vadakkunnathan temple truly magnifies during the Thrissur Pooram festival when the complex exhibits a kaleidoscope of various art forms involving music, songs, dance, and spirited gatherings—turning the temple into a veritable treasure trove of cultural heritage.
The festival is celebrated during Malayalam Medam, a grand celebration from April to May. The temple is beautifully decorated and allures the audience by illuminating a thousand lights, which is a breathtaking view.
Besides the Pooram celebration, the Vadakkunnathan temple is also a cultural centre for almost all celebrations and festivals in the neighbourhood.
The temple has countless celebrations, including the yearly temple festival, Maha Shivratri, Navratri, and Utsavam. Several celebrations are organised into annual milestones using this temple as the foundation. These celebrations are indeed cornerstones, contributing to the preservation of cultural integrity and heritage.
Planning a visit to Kerala's cultural marvel is easy:
Sree Vadakkunnathan Temple is more than an entire cosmos; it is history, part of Keralan architecture's culminating natural beauty, and the very spirit of the state. The temple has won worthy awards for World Heritage Site status and deserves to be experienced in all its glory for its architectural beauty and cultural endowment.
Visit Vadakkunnathan during one of its festivals to truly experience its grandeur and brilliance..
This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is said to have been built by Lord Parashuram in honour of Lord Shiva.
No, the temple observes strict dress codes (dhoti for men and saree/salwar kameez for women) to preserve the sanctimonious nature of worship in the complex.
Thrissur Pooram is one of the largest festivals in Asia. It celebrates Kerala's culture and traditions. The festival was started by Raja Rama Varma, the Maharaja of Cochin, from 1790 to 1805.
The Western Ghats is a true marvel in the eyes of its beholders. This beautiful range of high peaks and low valleys runs parallel to the majestic western coast of India. Due to its humongous biodiversity, the region is a well-documented World Heritage site, which is UNESCO-approved.
This ancient mountain range is older than the Himalayas—which is why it’s considered a treasure trove of geographical and cultural marvels alike. The mountains are velveted with lush greenery, gorgeous misty peaks, and a vibrant array of wildlife—giving this region the nickname “Great Escarpment of India.”
The Western Ghats is also known for its magnificent stretch across the landscape of India. Not only does it cover six states, but it’s also a geographical marvel that crosses over all cultural barriers—uniting people across demographics under the majesty of its everlasting beauty.
The Western Ghats are home to an astounding variety of ecosystems. From the dense tropical rainforests of the Nilgiris to the dry deciduous forests of Karnataka, this region showcases nature’s adaptability. These varied habitats nurture over 7,400 types of flora and fauna, including many that are endemic.
For centuries, the Western Ghats have been a lifeline for the communities that live along its slopes. Its rivers, including the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri, irrigate vast stretches of farmland, while its forests offer medicinal plants and spices like cardamom, black pepper, and cinnamon.
Let’s explore some iconic destinations in the Western Ghats, each offering a unique slice of this natural paradise.
Ooty, or Udhagamandalam, is synonymous with the Western Ghats. Perched at an altitude of 2,240 metres, this hill station in Tamil Nadu has been a beloved retreat since the British colonial era.
Nestled amidst the Palani Hills in Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, or “Kodai,” offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life. Its mist-covered landscapes and cool climate make it a haven for nature lovers.
Pro Tip: If you plan your trip well, you can cover the Ooty to Kodaikanal distance efficiently to make your trips more memorable and interesting.
Tucked away in the heart of Idukki's highs and lows, Vagamon is a lesser-known destination that leaves visitors in awe of its splendid, natural beauty. With its rolling meadows, pineclad valleys, and misty hills, Vagamon feels like a slice of heaven on earth.
The Western Ghats are dotted with countless destinations, each showcasing its unique beauty and cultural significance. Let’s explore a few more jewels of this incredible mountain range.
Idukki is a treasure trove of natural wonders, from its sprawling spice plantations to its breathtaking landscapes.
Munnar, located in Kerala, is famed for its endless tea gardens and cool climate.
Want to explore Munnar in a unique way? Exploring Munnar by KSRTC Bus, Check Out for an exciting travel guide!
Wayanad, in northern Kerala, combines rich cultural heritage with natural beauty.
Known as the “Cherrapunji of the South,” Agumbe in Karnataka is a paradise for monsoon lovers.
Famous for its coffee plantations and misty hills, Coorg is a charming retreat.
The Western Ghats inspire more than just memories—they inspire meaningful gifts.
The Western Ghats are not merely a geographical feature; they are a celebration of life in all its forms. Each hill station, forest, and waterfall is a reminder of the beauty and resilience of nature. Whether you’re sipping tea in Munnar, walking through the pine forests of Vagamon, or exploring the wildlife in Wayanad, the Western Ghats offer an unforgettable journey.
For travellers, nature lovers, and culture enthusiasts, this region is an endless source of inspiration. As you leave, take with you not just souvenirs but also a deeper appreciation for the harmony between man and nature that defines the Western Ghats.
Road trips are always fond memories for avid travellers. The rustic charm of the countryside or a trip through the gorgeous hillscapes of an untouched environment are both priceless experiences—maybe even once in a lifetime.
Nature shines bright and glows green in the land of Munnar. If you are someone who wishes to visit a place that is evergreen yet has seasonal surprises that are unique and timeless—then make Munnar your next destination.
The winding hills of this gorgeous landscape rise high into the clouds. Being the highest point in South India, Munnar touches the clouds while being perched in cool and misty temperatures. It is a dream destination for anyone looking to reorient their spirit and mind.
The landscape of Munnar is composed of many gorgeous sights to behold. From lush tea gardens and glimmering waterfalls to the rolling hills that cover this green canvas—you’ll never run out of things to see here.
This rustic experience becomes even more enhanced when you decide to take a journey that puts your travels in the hands of experienced drivers—and we don’t mean hiring a cab. If you want an authentic view of Munnar's countryside, you have to take it by public transport.
This blog will take a look at how you can explore Munnar from the comfort of a special KSRTC bus route. Without further ado—let’s dive right in.
The legacy of the Kerala State Transport Corporation (KSRTC) buses stretches all the way back to its inception in 1938. Back then, the service operated under a different name—the Travancore State Transport Department.
As laws changed, the transport service also evolved in 1965—becoming the KSRTC that South Indians everywhere can easily recognise. At the time of its evolution, the KSRTC had only 661 bus schedules and 901 buses.
With time, those numbers have risen to staggering numbers as more and more local citizens and foreigners alike have taken to the state’s convenient and affordable form of public transportation.
In recent times, KSRTC buses have been seen as symbols of South Indian connectivity. Even the most remote corners of Kerala are not out of your reach—not while the KSRTC system is up and active.
The Munnar KSRTC route has many offshoots and scenic routes that are perfect for curious travellers looking to make a slow climb along the side of Munnar’s rolling hillscape.
Why not take a cab to Munnar? Why not rent a car? Is it safe to go by bus? These are all questions that can haunt you as you wrestle with the decision to take a bus to Munnar, so let us simplify it for you. Here are four reasons why a KSRTC ride should be part of your Munnar Trip Plan.
With the Munnar KSRTC, you get a front-row seat to witness the splendour of timeless beauty. Your Munnar KSRTC sightseeing bus will take you through winding roads that trace the hills, crossing verdant tea plantations, roaring and refreshing waterfalls, misty-covered valleys, and so much more.
The old Munnar roads are steeped in the heart of nature, offering you the chance to reconnect with nature and your desire to discover.
There are many winding roads that lead to Munnar. Most of these journeys are 3+ hours long. Taking a cab through these winding hills can be expensive, requiring the expertise of veteran drivers who know the hills—those are hard to come by. It can cost you thousands to get to the top.
OR—you can take the KSRTC. For roughly 200 INR, you can make it up the hill of Munnar without worry or hassle. The KSRTC drivers that commandeer these routes travel the old and winding Munnar roads on a daily basis. They know each turn and bend like the back of their hand—so you can rest easy knowing your wallet is full and that your life is in experienced hands.
We also have a unique product called 'Hills of the South' which beautifully captures the essence of Munnar’s lush tea plantations and the scenic journey aboard the KSRTC bus, making it a perfect keepsake for your unforgettable Munnar experience.
The journey matters more than the destination. The best way to enjoy the winding roads that lead to Munnar is to take the most leisurely pace to get there. The Munnar KSRTC is your ticket to that experience.
As the wheels of the bus carry you across these winding hills, you can let your hair back to embrace the cold mountain breeze that caresses your skin. Through the open windows, you can capture the essence of nature unfiltered through your eyes and perhaps your camera.
These buses also occasionally stop at tea stalls that are placed across the winding path so that travellers can take a moment to take in the sights alongside a refreshing and warm cup of tea to go with it.
Life happens everywhere. There is a thriving population of locals who have embraced the hills of Munnar as home. If you are a traveller looking for a down-to-earth experience of everyday life in Kerala—there’s no place better than the hills.
The KSRTC allows you to indulge in Munnar's local sightseeing while being surrounded by the embrace of locals who know the history—knowledgeable locals often have better knowledge than hired tour guides.
One of the most unique offerings of KSRTC in the hills of Munnar is the iconic Munnar-Kanthalloor Tourist KSRTC bus. It is an affordable and scenic option for travellers looking to make the most of a Munnar day tour on a tight budget.
Affordability doesn’t compromise the quality of the tour. The KSRTC can act as your Munnar travel guide, so let’s take a look at the travel itinerary for tourists on the Munnar KSRTC from Munnar to Kanthalloor.
At Memory Train, we celebrate the heritage and richness of Kerala culture in all facets. That is why we have created a travel set composed of unique pieces that act as an ode to their Keralian heritage.
The set consists of a houseboat, an iconic Ambassador car, and a sleek KSRTC bus. These ceramic figures are the perfect Keralian decor to hang on your Christmas tree come wintertime. When your friends ask you about them, you can look back fondly on your Munnar KSRTC trip as you weave a yarn through a timeless Christmas tale.
If you are someone who enjoys the cultural heritage of Kerala and respects the noble standing of the KSRTC in Kerala, take a trip to our online gift shop. Handcrafted with nobility at its core, our travel set collections are designed to spark rich conversations that are steeped in your special memories.
Visit our website to know more.
The Chettinad Mansions, which form part of the rich history surrounding the town of Karaikudi and beyond, are well-known for their unique approach to lasting and sustainable architectural methods. The higher-class residents of Chettinad, known as The Chettiars, are fondly known for commissioning some of the most decadent mansions that put Chettinad’s architecture on the map.
The fusion of local craftsmanship with prominent European influences has helped artisans in this region to craft a new style of architecture that is unique to the region. The intricate woodwork, handcrafted tiles, widened courtyards, and specially designed teak doors are a beaming reflection of the local community’s ties to global trade in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
This blog will take the reader through the different aspects of the Chettinad mansions and their architecture.
The Nattukotai Chettiars and the history of Karaikudi are deeply bound together. At one point, the Nattukotai Chettiars were a prosperous community of merchants with immense knowledge and business skills.
The wealth that was amassed by the Chettiars can be seen reflected in the decadent architectures of the large Chettinad palaces that are prevalent in the region.
These homes were not just residences but status symbols designed to reflect their prosperity, cultural sophistication, and global connections.
The remnants of their marvellous mansions have now been turned into heritage hotels to preserve the legacy of the ambitious Chettiars. Tourists eagerly flock to Tamil Nadu to get a glimpse of these decadent abodes that housed the lost history and culture of the Nattukotai Chettiars.
From their base at the heart of Tamil Nadu, the Chettiars continued to scale their trade across the globe. Soon, it became pertinent for the merchants to venture out of their settlements in search of larger, more profitable business ventures.
With that, the Chettiars began to leave their gorgeous abodes for greener pastures—and they left their heritage and their history behind. These mansions that were once teeming with life and luxury slowly became heritage sites that live on as remnants of a vibrant era of prosperity.
That’s not all that affected the Chettiars; world events that transpired around them also had a wide impact on the lives and decisions of this brilliant merchant colony.
At the height of their power, the Chettiars displayed incredible wealth throughout most of Southeast Asia. At one point, nearly sixty thousand mansions lined the 96 settlement towns that had been established in the Karaikudi region of Tamil Nadu.
In modern times, there are now less than twenty-five thousand mansions remaining. Most have been demolished, and the luxurious elements that made these almost-palaces gleam with grandeur have been sold.
The finances obtained from such demolishings have been repurposed for the maintenance of the remaining palaces, and the rest have been used to keep the towns’ economies flowing.
Now that we have an idea of the rise and fall of the Chettiars. Let’s take a closer look at why the Chettinad Mansions in Tamil Nadu are still considered modern architectural marvels.
The Chettiars bolstered their homes with large, carved wooden doors. The doors were made from the finest teak and were fitted with complex locking mechanisms that would keep the homes secure from intruders.
Many of the doors were fitted with a complex, nine-step locking mechanism that not only provided security but also added to the strength and durability of the door.
The traditional Chettinad mansions were built around an open courtyard. These courtyards were surrounded by rooms on all sides—serving as a gathering place for all members of the family.
These courtyards also doubled as a great source of natural ventilation within each Chettinad mansion. The courtyards are often revered for their beauty and functionality—making them an indispensable piece of the rich history of the ambitious Chettiars.
Guests who visited the Chettiars in the past would have to cross through enormous gates. Once these guests make it through the gate, the next element of the Chettinad mansion that they encounter is the verandah or Thinnai.
This mixture is then moulded and sculpted into delicate yet intricate designs that are inspired by traditional Indian motifs like floral patterns, mythological figures, geometric patterns, etc. Stucco work was often used to decorate the ceilings and walls of these splendid mansions.
The Stucco work that has stood the test of time serves as a reminder of the thought and craftsmanship that went into building each unique Chettinad mansion across the region. The intricacy of the craftsmanship has preserved traditional building techniques and the cultural heritage of Chettinad.
The Nattukotai Chettiars and their immense wealth have left an undying mark on the history of Tamil Nadu. Their legacy is forever preserved in the walls and courtyards of the Chettinadu Mansion that survive in the absence of their guiding hand.
At MemoryTrain, we believe in preserving these memories and educating individuals both near and far about the legacy of the Chettinad Mansions. That is why we have created valuable conversation pieces that tell the tale of these merchants of old and recite their names for new generations to come.
Visit our website or contact us at MemoryTrain to learn more.
When you are looking for an escape from your daily life and routine—the best location is one that is the embodiment of serenity and peace.
One of the best places to silence your mind and appreciate nature’s timeless beauty is the embracing warmth of Kerala’s backwaters. Kerala’s tropical climate bathes the landscape in warm climates, but the state also experiences high rainfall during its annual monsoon season.
What does this mean? It means that Kerala, lovingly called “God’s Own Country,” is home to many large pockets of calm and still lakes that serve as attractive tourist destinations.
The Vembanad Lake is one of the largest backwater bodies in India. Sprawling across the districts of Alleppey, Kottayam and Ernakulam, these waters cover an impressive radius.
The lake is also the perfect spot for freshwater fishing, house boating, and lethargic boat rides—which is why it is so popular among tourists from all over the globe.
What makes these backwaters so majestic is not just the stillness and calm—it is also the rich cultural tapestry that is weaved around the lake, seeping gracefully into the local stories and traditions of the surrounding villages.
Teeming with aquatic flora and fauna, the lake is also famous for its countless fishing spots—where you can witness traditional fishing techniques in action. The cuisine around the lake is famous for its inherent seafood varieties, which are prepared from the freshest fish in Kerala.
One of the more popular backwaters of Kerala, Kuttanad, is one of the most peaceful backwaters in Kottayam.
The terrain of Kuttanad is sprawled with shimmering waterways that include rivers, lakes, canals and creeks—surrounded by the towering canopies of tropical fauna. The scenery of Kuttanad is majestic and quiet, contributing to its allure as an escape from the stress of daily life.
Kumarakom is a small peninsula that feeds into the Vembanad Lake, which is a mainstay for the surrounding locals. Covered in palm trees and natural vegetation, Kerala backwaters Kumarakom is a timeless biome that holds the secrets to Kottayam’s large biodiversity.
The lagoons and canals of Kumarakom are filled with countless rafts and canoes that shuttle back and forth between the narrow shorelines—some are ferries for curious travellers, while others haul in fresh fish that make up a large portion of the cuisine in the area.
Cherai is a unique aspect of Kerala’s lush landscape. This destination blends the aesthetic of the laid-back beach with the stillness and calm of Kerala’s unique backwaters.
Cherai is the perfect place to fish for rare delicacies like lobster and crab—which are abundant in the area. If you are looking to lounge on the beach during the day and row across the palm-fringed backwaters at sunrise or sunset—Cherai is where you need to be.
The backwaters are a testament to Kerala’s scenic beauty. To explore it fully, there are plenty of activities to do in and around the still waters. The most popular activities are as follows:
The backwaters of Kerala are teeming with aquatic life. Many of the locals live off the backwaters, fishing and selling their catches to make a living. Tourists visiting villages on the backwaters have a unique opportunity to taste and sample some of the finest and freshest local cuisines, prepared with fresh fish straight out of nearby fishing holes.
Take a trip back in time on the backwaters with a lazy canoe ride. There are many small canals and waterways within the expansive backwaters of Kerala. You can hire a traditional canoe to take you around on the backwaters as the breezes roll in as the sun sets on the horizon—that will be a picturesque moment that you will cherish forever.
Another great way to experience the ambience and serenity of the backwaters is atop the lofty comfort of Kerala’s majestic houseboats.
You can ride atop Kerala’s backwaters in these large houseboats that are fully equipped with bedrooms, bathrooms and on-call chefs and staff. Enjoy the warm glow of Kerala’s sunsets in the lap of luxury—that’s what these houseboats are all about.
Check out our online collection of houseboat-inspired memorabilia, such as the miniature Kerala houseboat or the Kerala houseboat ceramic mug.
The backwaters of Kerala wouldn’t be complete without the vibrant atmosphere of the toddy shops. Toddy shops, also known as Shaaps, have always been a mainstay at the shorelines of Kerala’s backwaters.
Offering delicious seafood dishes at reasonable prices, paired with the tangy taste of toddy extracted from fresh coconut trees, the ambience of these shops is a main attraction to any tourist who dreams of attaining the complete backwater experience.
The toddy shop experience exemplifies the best of traditional Keralian food preparation and pastimes without encroaching on modern aesthetics. If you are looking for the authentic food and lakeside conversations-you can find both at any backwater toddy shop.
MemoryTrain is your one-stop-shop for all your backwater souvenirs. So take home our floating shaap as a token of your time spent in Kerala’s enchanting backwaters.
Around the monsoon season, the Kerala backwaters host a series of celebratory boat races.
A large number of spectators gather around to watch Kerala’s signature snake boats go head to head in fast-paced competitions. Old boat songs echo from the snake boats as they keep rhythm to row to the finish line.
These snake boats, also known as “Chundan Vallam,” can be up to 100 feet long. Throughout the year, Kerala holds many distinct and energetic boat races and festivals. The most notable boat races are as follows:
To commemorate these staples of Kerala tradition, we have included a collectible known as the Snake Boat Race - Resin Bookend. Show off your love for Kerala culture with this conversation piece.
Being an inherent aspect of the state’s sprawling landscape and culture, the Kerala backwaters are featured earnestly at the forefront of many festivals. Water is an essential element that forms part of the rituals and traditions of festivals like:
You can read more about the Famous Festivals of Kerala on our website to learn more!
The Winter season (Sept to Feb) is considered one of the best times to visit the backwaters of Kerala. The climate in Kerala is ideal during this time—making it the perfect backdrop for scenic views.
The Summer season (Mar to May) is humid and hot in Kerala—with an occasional rain that does little to quench the heat. It is not ideal to visit Kerala during this period. If you are visiting the backwaters during the summer, we recommend you rent out an AC houseboat so that you can coast through the still waters in style.
The Monsoon Season (Jun to Sept) is an aesthetic season in the tropics. The greenery of the state deepens, and the backwaters overflow with fresh water, making it the perfect waterscape for cultural entertainment, such as the snake boat races.
Kerala backwaters are sprawling with countless stories of serenity and tradition. The warm glow of the sun shimmers across the surface of the freshwater lakes in Kerala, leaving you with cosy and scenic memories that will last a lifetime.
At MemoryTrain, we commemorate the timeless serenity of the Kerala Backwaters. Our expanding collection has a variety of conversation pieces that will serve as everlasting tokens for your memories in “God’s Own Country.”
If you are looking to commemorate your time in Kerala—find your perfect souvenir in our online collection. Shop now or contact us to know more.
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